Transcript profiling provides a set of candidate genes involved in conferring tolerance/ resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Such information can be obtained by bioinformatics analysis of sequence data being generated by using next generation sequencing technologies or Sanger sequencing. However validation of function of these genes is very important. Several approaches like reverse genetics, overexpression, metabolomics and proteomics approaches can be used to address these issues. Some research has already been initiated at different centres.